The Company conducted a Physical Risk Assessment with particular emphasis on water resources, which are essential to its business operations and form part of a comprehensive physical risk assessment to prepare for potential risks. The assessment used the Water Risk Map developed by the Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas and the Climate Change Knowledge Portal to analyze water- and climate-related risks. The assessment focused on four key risks: Urban Flood, River Flood, Coastal Flood, and Water Scarcity. The water stress assessment covered 18 projects within the Company’s operational areas in Thailand, with the following results:

1. Urban Flood Risk Urban flood risk was assessed based on the Damaging Intensity Threshold and historical data on the frequency and severity of urban flooding. The assessment identified 10 projects with high risk and three projects with moderate risk.

2. River Flood Risk River flood risk was assessed based on the Damaging Intensity Threshold and historical data on the frequency and severity of flooding in riverside areas. The assessment identified seven projects with high risk and two projects with moderate risk.

3. Coastal Flood Risk Coastal flood risk was assessed based on Onshore Flood Depth and historical data on the frequency and severity of flooding. The assessment identified two projects with high risk.

4. Water Scarcity Risk Water scarcity risk was assessed based on annual water availability per capita (Lower Water Availability). The assessment identified eight projects with moderate risk.

The Company used the assessment results to develop response plans and measures to mitigate water-related impacts, with approaches tailored to the specific characteristics of each area. These include installing flood protection systems, continuously monitoring water and weather conditions, managing water efficiently within project areas, reusing water, and applying AI and Big Data to optimize water use and solar panel cleaning schedules. The Company has also established a target to reduce net water consumption in its office buildings and power generation projects in Thailand by 10% by 2030, supporting its climate change goals and long-term sustainable business operations.

In addition, the water risk assessment results are used in investment planning, the development of Climate Adaptation measures, and the continuous monitoring of water resource risks. These efforts strengthen Business Resilience and reduce risks that may affect future operations.

Benefits of the Program

• Physical risk assessments were completed for all 18 renewable power generation projects to support risk management planning and the development of measures to address potential future risks.
• Water management measures were established according to the operational characteristics of each power plant to enhance water-use efficiency, reduce environmental impacts, and support the Company’s sustainability goals.